First ask yourself...
Does a film photographer save his negatives?
Would you want to watch a big screen movie that was filmed on an iPhone or downloaded from Youtube?
Yes, it really is that simple. A sound engineer, would never preform final edits on a 3 megabyte MP3 file. How would they make adjustments to channels or levels? They start out with a recording that preserves the best original quality possible enabling them to preform pin point changes in each instrument track. The distortion and artifacts you hear on a poor digital sound file is a compressed audio example of what takes place in a a compressed JPG image. Like a high quality audio recording, RAW will yield more control during every step of the editing process.
I am not a digital scientist, but here are some comparisons as I understand them:
In RAW, even if something is blown out, you can still recover a little bit more pixel information beyond the blow out point, sometimes by as much as 2 or more stops of light. Same with darks, you can recover much more details in the shadows. If you have ever processed JPGs then I know you have already run in to frustrations with lights, darks, and lost pixels.
RAW records more meta-data. Contrast, Saturation, Sharpening, and White balance are not set, they are only tagged to the image, so you have more control over these in post processing. With JPG the cake is baked. JPG is set and you don't have the ability to truly and accurately manipulate these after the fact. Worst of all, JPGs have a gama curve applied and cannot be properly white balanced after the fact.
WWAAD - What Would Ansel Adams Do? If he were alive today and shooting with digital, do you think he would settle for the JPG compression and as much as 40-60% pixel information loss? If he was still concerned about the dynamic range and the post processing effects for which he was known, then you can bet the house he would be shooting in RAW.
It could be argued that JPGs sometimes have their place as they are faster, easier, and you can get more of them. Even so, when has art ever been about quantity over quality?
-JMB